Brainwave Mind Voyage

Political Parties of the United States

Introduction

The United States is generally classified as a democracy Representative. What's this?

In a literal sense, target = "_blank"> democracy means government by the people. The word democracy originates from two Greek roots-demos, which means "the people" or "common people", and kratia, which means "rule." Of course, in large populous nations, government by all the people is impractical at the national level. It would be impossible for more than 246 million Americans to vote on every important issue that comes before Congress. Therefore, democracies are generally maintained through a mode of participation, known as = "_blank"> target representative democracy, in which certain individuals are selected to speak to the people.

The United States is usually classified as a democracy Representative, as Americans elect members of Congress and state legislatures handle the task of writing laws.

In contrast to monarchies, oligarchies and dictatorships, the democratic form of government implies an opposition which is tolerated or even encouraged to exist. In the U.S., there are two major political parties, Democrats and Republicans, and various small parties. Sociologists use the party long-term policy to designate an organization whose goals are to promote candidates for elected office, advance an ideology as reflect the positions on political issues, win elections and wield power.

So in my report, I would like to tell the story the donkey and elephant American. I also used to think that no political party in the United States, except Democrats and Republicans, but that mistake was that I changed because of this report.

The two main parties:

The Democratic Party (DNC) today

After the 2002 elections, Democrats control several key governorates (including PA, MI, IL, VA, NJ, NC and WA) and many state legislatures – but lost control of the U.S. House in 1994, have almost lost control of the Senate of the United States again in 2002 (but they still hold enough seats to block legislation much) and lost control of the White House in 2000 elections. While leading Democrats run the wide gamut of Middle-left Democratic Socialist (Barbara Lee, Dennis Kucinich and the Congressional Progressive Caucus) and traditional liberals (Hillary Clinton, Nancy Pelosi and Ted Kennedy) to the center-right (Joe Lieberman, the Congressional Blue Dogs and the New Democrat Network) for the GOP-style conservative right (Ralph Hall and Gene Taylor), most fall somewhere in the pragmatic Democratic Leadership Council's "centrist" moderate to liberal (style Evan Bayh, Dick Gephardt, Tom Daschle).

Brief history of the Democratic Party

In the early 21st century, the Democratic Party can look back on a proud history – a history not only a political but a national vision. It is a vision based on force and power of millions of economically independent, socially diverse and politically active Americans. There are over two hundred years, the party democsatic founders decided that wealth and social status were not entitled to prevail. They believed that wisdom and compassion could be found for each individual and a stable government must be built on a broad popular base.

The late Ron Brown – former Chairman of the Democratic Party – put it best when he wrote: "The common thread Democratic history, from Thomas Jefferson to Bill Clinton, was an abiding faith in the ruling families of American workers, and a commitment helping the excluded, marginalized and the poor strengthen our nation by earning themselves a piece of the American Dream. We remember that this great country was sculpted by immigrants and slaves, their children and grandchildren. "

Thomas Jefferson founded the Democratic Party in 1792 as a parliamentary group to fight for the Bill of Rights and cons elitism Federalist Party. In 1798, the "party of the common man" was officially named the Democratic-Republican Party and in 1800 elected Jefferson as the first Democratic president of the United States. Jefferson served two distinguished terms and was followed by James Madison in 1808. Madison strengthened America's armed forces – helping reaffirm American independence by defeating the British in the War of 1812. James Monroe was elected president in 1816 and led America through an era known as "The Era of Good Feeling" in which Democratic-Republicans served with little opposition.

The election of John Quincy Adams in 1824 was highly contested and led to four distinguishing between the Democratic-Republicans. Following the split was the emergence of Andrew Jackson, a national leader. The war hero, generally considered – with Jefferson – one of the founding fathers of the Democratic Party, organized his supporters to a degree unprecedented in American history. The Jacksonian Democrats created the process of the National Convention, the party platform, and reunified the Democratic Party with Jackson's victories in 1828 and 1832. The Group held its first national convention in 1832 and nominated President Jackson for his second term. In 1844, the National Convention has facilitated the party name to the Democratic Party.

In 1848, the National Convention established the Democratic National Committee, the longest running political organization in the world. The Convention charged the DNC with the responsibility of promoting "the Democratic cause" between the conventions and preparation of the next convention.

As the 19th century ended, the American electorate changed more and faster. The Democratic Party embraced the immigrants who flooded into cities and industrial centers, built a political base by bringing in the U.S. current account, and helped create the economic engine the most powerful in history. Democratic Party leader William Jennings Bryan led a movement of agrarian reformers and supported the right of suffrage, the progressive graduated income tax and direct election of senators. As America entered 20th century, the Democratic Party became dominant in local politics in urban areas.

In 1912, Woodrow Wilson became the first Democratic president the 20th century. Wilson led the country through the First World War, fought for the League of Nations, created the Federal Reserve Board, and spent the first work and laws for the welfare of children.

A generation later, Franklin Roosevelt was elected president running on the promise a New Deal. Roosevelt pulled America out of depression by looking beyond the Democratic base and energizing citizens around the belief that their government could actively assist them in case of need. Roosevelt's New Deal brought water to California's Central Valley, electrified Appalachia and the Firm in the Midwest. The Civilian Conservation Corps, the WPA and Social Security all brought Americans into the system, freeing people from fear, giving people a stake in the future, making the country stronger.

With the election of Harry Truman, Democrats began the struggle to bring down the last barriers of race and sex. Truman integrated the military and oversaw the rebuilding of Europe by establishing the Marshall Plan and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Truman's leadership paved the way for civil rights leaders who followed.

In the years 1960, President John F. Kennedy challenged an optimistic nation to build on its great history. Kennedy proclaimed a New Frontier and dared Americans put a man on the moon, created the Peace Corps, and negotiated a treaty banning atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons. Lyndon Johnson followed the example of Kennedy and worked to pass the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act. Kennedy and Johnson worked together to end the practice of segregation in many southern states. Following Kennedy's assassination, Johnson declared a War on Poverty and formed a series of programs Great Society, including the creation of Medicare – ensuring that older Americans receive quality health care.

In 1976, Jimmy Carter was elected president, helping to restore confidence in the nation in government following the Watergate scandal. Among other things, Carter negotiated the historic peace agreement at Camp David between Egypt and Israel.

In 1992, the Governor of Arkansas Bill Clinton was elected 42nd president of the United States. President Clinton ran on the promise of a New Covenant for the forgotten working families of America. After twelve years of Republican presidents, America faced with unprecedented budget deficits, high unemployment, and increased crime. The policies of President Clinton in putting people and resulted in the longest period of economic expansion history in peacetime. The Deficit Reduction Act of 1993 – passed by the House and Senate without a single Republican vote – put America on the path of fiscal responsibility and led to the end of perennial budget deficits. Having inherited a $ 290 billion deficit in 1992 last budget, President Clinton was more than $ 200 billion surplus. The / Clinton Gore administration was responsible for reducing unemployment to its lowest level in decades and reducing crime to its lowest level in a generation. In 1996, President Clinton became the first president Democrat reelected since Roosevelt in 1996. In 1998, Democrats became the largest party controls the White House to gain seats in Congress during the sixth year of office of a president since 1822.

In the 2000 elections, Democrats netting 4 additional Senate seats, one additional House seats and one additional seat for governor. Vice President Al Gore won the popular vote for president by more 500,000 votes. In 2001, Democrats regained control of the Senate under Majority Leader Tom Daschle, while Democrats swept to victory in races Across the country, including races for Virginia Governor and Lieutenant Governor, Governor of New Jersey, and 39 of the 42 major Mayoral races including Los Angeles and Houston.

While we have accomplished many things – as a nation and a party, we must continue to move into the 21st century. We must work to incorporate all Americans in the fabric of our nation. The history of our next hundred years can be seen in the beautiful mosaic of America, from field Wheat in Nebraska to the barrios of New York City, from the mountains of Colorado to the rocky coast of Maine. The Democratic Party is America's last best hope bridge the divisions of class, race, region, religion, ethnicity and sexual orientation. We will succeed if we continue to govern by the same principles that made America the greatest nation on earth – the principles of strength, inclusion and opportunity. The Democratic Party is ready to take advantage of opportunities we have and the challenges we face.

The Democratic Donkey

When Andrew Jackson ran for president in 1828, his opponents tried to label him a "Jackass" for his populist ideas and its slogan: "Let the people's power". Jackson, however, took their name calling and turned it to his advantage by using the donkey on his campaign posters. During his presidency, the donkey was used to represent Jackson's stubbornness when he vetoed to re-chartering the National Bank.

The first time the donkey was used in a political cartoon to represent the party Democrat, he was always in collaboration with Jackson. Although in 1837 Jackson was retired, he still thought of himself as party leader and was shown trying to get the donkey to go where he wanted him to go. The cartoon was titled "A Modern Baalim and his ass. "

Interestingly, the person credited with obtaining the donkey widely accepted as a symbol of the Democratic Party probably had no prior knowledge of associations. Thomas Nast, a famous political cartoonist, came to the United States with his parents in 1840 when he six years. He first used the donkey in a drawing in 1870 Harper's Weekly to represent the Copperhead "Press" strike a dead lion, symbolizing Lincoln's Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton, who had recently died. Nast intended the donkey to represent an anti-war faction, with whom he disagreed, but the symbol caught the public imagination and the cartoonist continued to indicate with some publishers Democratic newspapers.

Later, Nast used the donkey to represent what he called "Caesarian" showing discomfort Democratic alleged a possible third term for Ulysses S. Grant. In conjunction with this issue, Nast helped associate the elephant the Republican party. Although the elephant had been connected with the republican party in cartoons that appeared in 1860 and 1872, it was Nast cartoon in 1874 published by Harper's Weekly that made the stick as the Republican elephant symbol. A band comic entitled "The Panic third term," representative of the animals showed various issues flee a donkey wearing a lion's skin tagged "Caesarism. The elephant labeled "The vote Republican," was about to launch into a pit containing inflation, chaos, repudiation, etc.

In 1880, the donkey was well established as a mascot for the Democratic Party. A cartoon about the Garfield-Hancock campaign in New York Daily Graphic showed the Democratic candidate mounted on a donkey, leading a procession of crusaders.

Over the years, the donkey and the elephant have become the accepted symbols of the Democratic and Republican parties. Although the Democrats have never officially adopted the donkey as a symbol of the party, we have used various donkey designs on publications over the years. The Republicans have actually adopted the elephant as their official symbol design and widespread use.

The Democrats think of the elephant as clumsy, stupid, pompous and conservative – but the Republicans think it is dignified, strong and intelligent. On the other hand, Republicans Concerning the stubborn donkey, silly and ridiculous – but the Democrats claim it is humble, simple, intelligent, courageous and very endearing.

Adlai Stevenson provided one of the most clever descriptions of the Republican symbol, when he said: "The elephant has a thick skin, a head full of ivory, and all those who attended a circus parade knows, proceeds best by grasping the tail of its predecessor. "

The Republican Party (RNC) today announced

Republicans control a slim majority in the House, several governorates keys (including New York, Texas, OH, GA, MA and FL), took over the White House in 2000, and soon re-took the majority status in the U.S. Senate in 2002. Key Republicans fall into several different ideological factions: traditional conservatives (President George W. Bush, Denny Hastert, Bill Frist and the Club for Growth) religious right (Trent Lott, John Ashcroft, the National Federation of Republican Assemblies and the Christian Coalition), the old Nixon / Rockefeller "centrist" or "moderate" wing (Colin Powell, George Pataki, the Republican Main Street Partnership, the Republican Leadership Council and the Republican Committee Mainstream) and libertarians (Ron Paul and the Republican Liberty Caucus).

Brief History of Republican Party

The Party Republican was born in the early 1850s by anti-slavery activists and individuals who believed that government should grant western lands to free settlers. The first informal meeting of the group took place in Ripon, Wisconsin, a small town northwest of Milwaukee.

The first official meeting held the Republican 6th July 1854 in Jackson, Michigan. The name "Republican" was chosen because it alluded to equality and reminded people of the Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson. At the Jackson convention, the new party adopted a platform and nominated candidates for office in Michigan.

In 1856 the Republicans became a national party when John C. Fremont was appointed to the presidency under the slogan: "Free soil, free labor, free speech, free men, Fremont." Even if they were considered a "third party" because Democrats and Whigs represented the two-party system at the time, Fremont received 33% of the vote. Four years later, Abraham Lincoln became the first Republican to win the White House.

Civil war erupted in 1861 and lasted four grueling years. During the war, against the advice of his cabinet, Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation that freed the slaves. The Republicans of their day's work pass the Thirteenth Amendment, which prohibits slavery, the Fourteenth, which guarantees equal protection under the law, and the Fifteenth, which helped Rights secure voting for African-Americans.

The Republican Party also played a prominent role to give women the right to vote. In 1896, the Republicans were the party's first major for women's suffrage. When the 19th Amendment was finally added to the Constitution, 26 of 36 state legislatures that had voted to ratify it were under Republican control. The first woman elected to Congress was a Republican Jeannette Rankin of Montana in 1917.

Presidents during most of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century were Republicans. Then the Democrats and Franklin Roosevelt tended to dominate American politics in the 1930s and 40 to 28, forty years from 1952 to 1992, the White House has been in Republican hands – under Presidents Eisenhower, Nixon, Ford, Reagan and Bush. Under the last two, Reagan and Bush, the United States became the only superpower, winning the Cold War in the former Soviet Union and releasing millions from Communist oppression.

Behind All elected officials and candidates of any political party are thousands of hardworking employees and volunteers who fundraise, lick envelopes, and make your phone calls that every winning campaign must have. The national structure of the game begins with the Republican National Committee. Each state has its own Republican State Committee with a Chairman and staff. The Republican structure goes into neighborhoods, where neighborhood master Republican every Election Day organizes Republican workers to get out the vote.

Most states ask voters when they Registration to express a party preference. The voters did not do so, but registration lists let the parties know exactly where voters, they want to be sure vote on Election Day. Just because voters register as a Republican, they do not need to vote that way – many voters split their tickets, voting for candidates of both parties. But the national party is made up of all Republicans registered in all 50 states. For the most part, they are the voters in Republican primaries and caucuses. They are the heart and soul of the party.

The Republicans have a long and rich history with basic principles: Individuals, not government, can make better decisions, all people entitled to equal rights and decisions are best made close to home.

The symbol of the Republican Party is the elephant. During the elections mid-way back in 1874, Democrats tried to scare voters into thinking President Grant would seek to run for an unprecedented third term. Thomas Nast, a cartoonist for Harper's Weekly, depicted a Democratic donkey trying to scare a Republican elephant – and both symbols stuck.

For years, the Republicans are known as the "GOP" and party faithful thought he meant the "Grand Old Party." But apparently the original meaning (in 1875) was "gallant old party. And when automobiles were invented He also came to say "get out and push." It is always a very good slogan for Republicans who depend every year campaign on the hard work of hundreds of thousands of volunteers to go out and vote and push people to support the cause of the Republican Party.

Origin of the Republican elephant

This symbol of the Republican Party was born in the imagination of cartoonist Thomas Nast and first appeared in Harper's Weekly, November 7, 1874.

A number 1860 of Railsplitter and an 1872 cartoon in Harper's Weekly connected elephants with Republicans, but it was Nast who provided the party with its symbol.

Curiously, two events arm led to the birth of the Republican elephant. James Gordon Bennett's New York Herald raised the cry of "Caesar" in connection with the possibility of a trial thirdterm for President Ulysses S. Grant. The question was echoed by Democratic politicians in 1874, halfway up the second term of office of Grant and fair elections before mid-term and has contributed to upsetting the Republican voters.

While newspapers illustrated were representative of Grant wearing a crown, the Herald involved itself in another manufacturer of traffic in a fully different, nonpolitical area. It was the Central Park Menagerie Scare of 1874, a delightful hoax perpetrated by the Herald. They ran a story, totally untrue, that the animals in the zoo had broken off and prowled the deserts of Central Park in New York in search of prey.

Cartoonist Thomas Nast took the two examples of the Herald enterprise and put them together in a cartoon for Harper's Weekly. He showed a ass (symbolizing the Herald) wearing a lion's skin (the scary prospect of Caesarism) frightening away the animals in the forest (Central Park). The caption quoted a well-known fable:

"An ass having put on a lion's skin roamed the forest and amused himself by frightening all the foolish animals he met in his wanderings. "

One crazy animals in the cartoon was an elephant representing the Republican vote – Not the party, the Republican vote – which was alarmed at its normal ties by the phony crisis of Caesar. In a subsequent response Cartoon November 21, 1874, after the election when the Republicans did badly, Nast followed the idea by showing the elephant in a trap, which illustrates how the Republican vote had been lured from its normal allegiance. Other cartoonists picked up the symbol and the elephant soon ceased to be the voice and became the party itself: the ass, now known as the donkey, made a natural transition to represent the Herald to represent the Democratic Party who had terrorized the elephant.

THE THIRD:
(in alphabetical order)

America First Party

The America First Party was founded in spring 2002 by a large group of Buchanan Brigade defectors who broke away from the decline of the Reform Party to form the new party uncompromising social conservative and fair trade (with a solid foundation in movement of the religious right). The views of the party largely echo those adopted by the commentator Pat Buchanan during his three presidential bids. AFP is devoted to "protect our people and our sovereignty … promote economic growth and foster independence … traditional values of faith, family and responsibility … ensure equality before the law in protecting those rights granted by the Creator … [and] to clean our corrupt political system. "Less than a month of the founding of the AFP, ten chapters of the reform of the former state party has officially broken with PR, and affiliated with AFP. For the National Convention in August 2002, AFP had affiliates in 20 countries – and they hoped to be organized in almost all 50 states by the end of 2003. Now those hopes seem dashed. The national president of the AFP, the Vice-President and Treasurer have all resigned in mid-2003 after a hardcore group affiliated with the militia of the extreme right movement leader Bo Gritz allegedly seized control of key elements of the party. Other members of the AFP denied the accusation, saying the complaints were that Gritz pretext to hide serious financial problems and divisions of personality in the party who actually caused the collapse. So – for some reason – Many states parties AFP apparently left the National Party for the same reason. AFP National Convention – scheduled for July 2003 – has been canceled. The party, even abandoned the possibility of presenting a presidential candidate in 2004. A Buchananite Faction AFP said they will try to reorganization in mid-2003 Meeting – placing greater emphasis on strengthening the state party forces.

American Party

The PA is very small, very conservative, Christian splinter party formed after a break of the American Independent Party in 1972. Senator American Jesse Helms (R-NC) and Governor Mel Thomson (R-NH) both flirted with the American Party presidential nomination in 1976, but both eventually refused. The party won its highest finish in the presidential election of 1976 – nominated Tom Anderson 161,000 votes cast (6th place) – but it has now largely disappeared in almost total darkness. The party presidential candidate in 1996 – anti-gay rights activist and attorney Diane Templin – made only 1900 votes. Former State Senator Republican Don Rogers of California – 2000 for the presidential candidate – did even worse, as He failed to qualify for the status of voting in all states. The party – which used to field a significant amount of state and candidate premises in the 1970s – rarely more fields than a handful of candidates nationwide in recent years, although they not claim local subsidiaries in 15 states. Beyond pro-life, pro-tax views of anti-gun and you expect to find the U.S. also advocates ending farm price support or subsidies, privatization of the postal service of the United States, opposes federal involvement in education, supports the abolition of the Agency for Environmental Protection, supports the repeal of NAFTA, opposes the laws of the minimum wage, opposes zoning regulations and opposes the use of land to convene a constitutional convention. Of course, the AP also opposes the United Nations, the New World Order, Communism, Socialism and the Trilateral Commission.

American Heritage Party

The PLA, formerly of the affiliate in Washington State Constitution Party USTP /, broke with the group in 2000 because of religious reasons (for example, while the PC is clearly a religious right party, it is not explicitly Christian party). Thus, the PLA is described as "a political party that takes the Bible as its political system books and unashamed of being explicitly Christian … [and] whose principles are drawn from Scripture. "The AHP expected to become a national conservative party, with the objective ultimate Fielding candidates around the nation in years to come. The party before responding to any candidate for Congress, governor and local offices Washington in 1998 – but only one local candidate was in 2000 and another in 2002.

American Independent Party

The Governor George Wallace C. (D-AL) founded the AIP and introduced himself as its first presidential candidate in 1968. Operating on a line, anti-Washington, anti-racial integration, the platform anti-Communist, Wallace carried almost 10 million votes (14%) and won 5 southern states. Although Wallace returned to the Democratic Party in 1970, the AIP has continued to live – although the move still farther to the right. 1972 AIP candidate, John Birch Society and Chief dept Congressman John G. Schmitz (R-CA), carried nearly 1.1 million votes (1.4%). The 1976 AIP presidential candidate was former Governor Lester Maddox (D-GA), a vocal segregationist – but remained well below Schmitz votes. The AIP last sent his own candidate the national presidency in 1980 when they nominated white supremacist ex-Congressman John Rarick (D-LA) – which carried only 41,000 votes nationwide. AIP fields even local candidates in some states – especially California – but no longer a part of the state affiliate of the national party Constitution. For the last three presidential elections, the AIP just co-nominated presidential candidate of the Party Constitution.

Away American Nazi

Exactly what the name says … These are a band uniform, wearing swastikas, Nazi! This party is a combination of fascist Aryan Nations-type folks, "White Power" and other racist skinheads on the ultra-radical political fringe. As a political party, the Nazi Party U.S. has not responded to a presidential candidate since Lincoln Rockwell ran as a reduction in the candidate countries in 1964 (he was assassinated in 1967 by a disgruntled ANP) Member – nor any other candidate for other offices since the mid-1970s (even if a candidate loosely affiliated to this Congress from Illinois in a Democratic primary in 2000). The ANP believes in creating an Aryan republic where only "white persons of non – mixed, non-Semitic, of European descent "can not hold citizenship. They support the immediate removal of" Jews and non-whites all positions of government and the public – and finally outside the country altogether. "This tiny party – while denouncing violence and the allegedly illegal acts – mixes left-wing economic socialism, right social fascism and strong totalitarian sentiments.

America Reform Party

The ARP, formerly known as the National Reform Party, was founded in September 1997. ARP is a splinter group that broke away from Ross Perot and Russ Verney Reform Party, claiming the organization was unclear Perot and anti-democratic when accession 'views clashed with Perot views. ARP sent some candidates for state and federal offices in "Party Reform "primaries against candidates supported by the Perot Reform Party in 1998. Eviction allies Perot's Reform Party control 1999 to July national convention resembled a movement to end the division. However, the Resoration control for the Perot forces in early 2000 and subsequent recovery subsidiaries party state by the Buchanan forces killed any attempt by people of ARP to join the Reform Party. Instead, the ARP finally moved left and opted to "approve" (but not co-nominate) Green Party presidential candidate Ralph Nader in the 2000 elections. Since then, the ARP became almost invisible on the political scene – Fielding only four state / local candidates nationwide in 2002 (Plus Co-sponsoring candidates from several other parties). The ARP vows to rebuild in the coming election cycle.

Christian Phalange Party American

The CFPA seems to be the most active of the two political parties Falangist the United States (the American Phalange Party (AFP) below, the other being one). As for ideology, they share the historical and ideological roots general expressed by AFP – Although the CFPA seems more closely related to the Lebanese branch of the Phalange movement. The CFPA, founded in 1985, is dedicated to the fight against the "forces of darkness", which seeks to destroy Western civilization and Christian. " The site CFPA explicitly defines "Dark Forces" as "radical Islam, Communism / Socialism, New World Order, the New Age movement, Third Position / neo-Nazis, Freemasons abortionists, Euthanasianists Radical homosexuals and pornographers. "Many attacks against Islam can be found on the site CFPA. Yet, despite this long list of enemies he wants to destroy – Uh, "defend" themselves against (the term they use) – the CFPA notes usefully this is "not an agency of hate and do not tolerate acts of violence or hatred of those different views and ways or opposite life, nor does it tolerate any form of racism. "In 1998, FPAC and AFP united as a single entity – but the differences in the burst after two years. The CFPA wants to be a movement of direct political action – and accuses the AFP as being composed mainly of "patriots chair. The CFPA promises to "bring excitement to the American political arena otherwise boring." The CFPA he is fielding the first candidates 2004: Chairman national CFPA Kurt Weber-Heller is running as a write-in candidate for the presidency.

Communist Party USA

The CPUSA, once the servile tool of propaganda and espionage network in the Soviet Central Committee, has undergone a transformation forced in recent years. Highly classified documents of the Soviet Politburo, made public after the fall of Soviet communism, has revealed that the Party Communist Soviet Union illegally poured millions of dollars to the CPUSA to finance its activities from 1920 to 1980. The flow of dollars to the CPUSA Soviet experienced an abrupt end when the communists were ousted from power there in 1991, eventually causing retooling CPUSA activities. Founded in 1924, the CPUSA reached its total votes peak in 1932 with nominee William Z. Foster (102,000 votes – 4th place). The latest national ticket CPUSA – featuring the team of Gus Hall and Angela Davis – was sent in 1984 (36.000 votes – 8th place). Although the party did not directly responded to any of its own candidates for over a decade, the CPUSA supported certain candidates for various local elections (often in communities industrial) and engaged in the basic political and union organizing. In the 1998 elections since the departure of Hall CPUSA actually urged members party to vote for all Democratic candidates for Congress – arguing that voting for any progressive third party candidate would undermine efforts to hunt Republicans 'reactionary' control of Congress. As for issues, the CPUSA demand for universal health care and free disposal federal tax on income on those earning less than $ 60,000 a year college education free, drastic reductions in expenditures military, "massive" public works programs, the banning of "scabs and union busting," the abolition corporate monopolies, public ownership of energy and basic industries, higher taxes for large corporations and the rich and various other programs to "fight the power of the capitalist class … [and promote] the freedom anti-imperialist struggles around the world. " Communist underlying the CPUSA's ideology has not changed much over the years, but the tactics of the party suffered a major change (which recalls somewhat from those used by the CPUSA in the late 1930s). After the death of Communist leader Conservative Hall in 2000, Gorbachev-style "communist" reform activist Sam Webb took the direction of the PCUSA. The CPUSA also maintains sites for online newspapers from around the popular weekly party, Political Affairs Magazine Monthly party and the Communist Youth League CPUSA's youth organization.

Party Constitution

Former Officer the Nixon administration and the president of the conservative coalition Howard Phillips founded the U.S. Taxpayers Party in 1992 as potential vectors of Pat Buchanan to use as a vehicle to a third party – he had agreed to bolt from the GOP in 1992 or 1996. The USTP gathered several pieces of the wing right of third parties – including the once mighty American Independent Party – a larger, more visible political entity (although some state affiliate parties are working under other names that USTP). Renamed the Constitution Party in 1999, the party is strongly pro-life, anti-gun control, anti-taxes, anti-immigration protectionist, anti-New World Order, "anti-UN, anti-gay, anti-social, pro-school prayer … essentially a platform hardcore Religious Right. When Buchanan stayed in the GOP, Phillips introduced himself as the candidate USTP in 1992 (status of voting in 21 states – 43000 votes – 0.04%) and 1996 (points in 39 states vote – 185,000 votes – 6th place – 0.2%) – and as the Constitution candidate in 2000 (status of voting in 41 states – 98,000 votes – 6th Place – 0.1%). The Party Started with local candidates in 1994. Yet, for another third are trying to cultivate, the party sent unfortunately few local candidates since 1998. The website presents the platform of the Party Constitution, articles, archives, links and more. The party received a short pulse in the news while the conservative U.S. Senator Bob Smith – the announcement of a GOP presidential hopeful – bolted the Republican Party to seek the Constitution Party nomination in 2000 (although Smith is out of the race of the Constitution Party just two weeks later). At the national convention of 1999, the party adopted accuracy a controversial change to the preamble to its platform which declared that "the foundation of our political position and moving principle of our activity Politics is our full submission and unshakable faith in our Savior and Redeemer, our Lord Jesus Christ "- While the party officially invited" all citizens of all faiths "to become active in the party. Any national candidate seeking the party nomination is explicitly required to notify the Convention all areas of disagreement with the party program. In spring 2002, Pat Buchanan in 2000 runningmate VP Ezola Foster and many leaders of the Reform Party of California and Maryland has defected to the Party Constitution, which gives a good boost to the party. In a blow to the party, many followers of the Buchanan Race 2000 launched almost identical America First Party in 2002 (although it seemed to implode within a year later). The young are constitutional wing Youth Party.

Action Party Constitution

The CAP is a tiny Religious Right party that wants to abolish the tax Federal income, ban all abortions, end affirmative action, to impose protectionist tariffs, fight against pornography and the end of federal involvement in education. CAP founder, Frank Creel Politics1 wrote in January 1999 that the CAP has had virtually no success since its 1995 founding. It has no local chapters everywhere, no candidates for office and no prospect management a presidential candidate in 2000. There is little or no prospect that we will be able to hold a convention soon. … Only one kind of economy or other disaster occur favorable conditions for the emergence of a new party. "But the CAP keeps small line of site, and recently updated design. The PAC has sent its first candidates in 2002, when the PAC President Frank Creel ran for Congress in Virginia.

Family Values Party

This ultra-conservative, theocratic party seems to exist primarily to promote the applications of federal common founder Party Tom Wells. Wells said that God spoke directly to him in his room December 25, 1994 at 2:00 am and "told him to start" the FVP. To be exact, Wells said that God told him specifically to encourage people to stop paying taxes until the public funding the end of abortion. The political platform FVP is largely derived from religious fundamentalism, including numerous references to specific passages Bible. The party "remains largely an alter-ego Wells – who always seems to be run as a write-in candidate for President or Congress (or both).

Freedom Socialist Party / Radical Women

FSP – formed in 1966 by a splinter group of dissident Trotskyites which was detached from the Socialist Workers Party – describe themselves as "revolutionary internationalist feminist … in the living tradition of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Trotsky. "It's their right, they also refer to their entity as" Radical Women. "They use the heavy Typical handed rhetoric found on most sites ultra-left by others (example: "the masses will sweep away all obstacles in their path and ascend to the socialist future "). The PSA Party organizations in the United States, Canada and Australia. In 1998, the FSP has sent a handful of local candidates in Washington, California and New York. The PSA has never responded to a presidential candidate.

Grassroots Party

Originally launched as the Minnesota-based Liberal Party, the GRP tiny advocates legalizing marijuana, promotes the cultivation of hemp and the establishment of a system National universal health care (among others). In general ideology, the GRP is very similar to the Greens – but with a much greater emphasis marijuana and the issues of legalizing hemp. The GRP has sent their first presidential candidate – Dennis Peron – In 1996 (5.400 votes). In 1996, BRM won some "permanent majority" ballot in the state of Vermont. The subsidiary Vermont was initially more libertarian and 'states' rights "oriented in the philosophy that his brother left the party in Minnesota (linked above) – and 2000 Presidential nominee Denny Lane, came from this group (on the ballot in a single state and captured only 1044 votes – 12 Place – 0.001%). Since 1996, the most militant of Minnesota GRP jumped to one party or the green of the Democratic Grassroots Caucus. In 2002, the most libertarian trend Vermont leaders GRP bolted to the Libertarian Party – a move that restored the faction of Vermont to be largely left the marijuana / hemp legalization party. The remains of the GRP Minnesota dissolved and merged into the Liberal Party of Minnesota in 2002.

Green Party of the United States (Green Party)

The Green Party – the U.S. informal affiliate left wing environmentalist European Movement Greens – scored a major success when he convinced a prominent consumer advocate Ralph Nader to run as their presidential candidate in 1996. Spending a little over $ 5000, Nader was on the ballot in 22 states and produced over 700,000 votes (4th place – 0.8%). In 2000, Nader collected millions of dollars, mobilized leftist activists and grabbed headlines with his message national anti-corporate campaign. Nader ignored the demands of Democrats Liberals he quit the race because it was essential to siphon votes away from Al Gore's campaign – to answer that Gore was not substantially different from Bush and that his own campaign was about building a permanent third party. In the end, Nader was on the ballot in 44 states and finished third with 2,878,000 votes (2.7%) – which apparently deprive Gore of victory in some key states. In More significantly, Nader missed the important 5% target for the national vote, which means that the party will still qualify for federal matching funds in 2004 (Note: a third attempt Nader is always possible, as he said: "I have not ruled out in 2004, is" in February 2002). Until 2001, the Greens are largely a collection of state fairly independent / locally based political entities with only a small (and sometimes split) the structure of national leadership that largely served to coordinate election activities. This faction – formerly called the Association of State Green Parties (ASGP) – is the largest and most moderate of the two independent parts green. The ASGP voted in 2001 to move from an umbrella organization to coordinate into a formal organization and unified national party. Other useful links Green Party and information can be found at parties Greens in North America (unofficial), Green Information (unofficial), Green Pages (online magazine official), Green Party News Circulator (official – Recent news clippings about the party) and Green Party election results sites (unofficial). The official youth wing of the Green Party is the Campus. Strong local Green parties exist – with a status of vote – in a handful of states. The Green Party Platform 2000 contains the official positions of the party. The Green Alliance is officially sanctioned national network of clubs Green Party policy.

The Greens / Green Party USA (G / GPU)

The G / GPUs is the oldest, smallest and most strident leftist Green Party has two. While GPUs Nader also appointed to the presidency in 2000, Nader dismissed the G / GPUS nomination and embraced the Green Party. Eminent strategist Nader campaign Jim Hightower describes the two factions green as follows 2001: "There are two organizations of the Green Party – the [Green Party of the United States] whose appointment Ralph accepted and the much smaller [G / GPUs] … margins … [with] all kinds of damned close to communist ideas. "Some of the G / GPUs protested Hightower comments were a bit unfair – but read The G / GPUs 2000 Platform and decide for yourself. While the Green Party and the G Rival / GPUs seem to be very close – they call tactics (and some) differences ideological and compete a little with claims the titular head of the national green movement. The / G GPUs largely emphasizes tactics of direct action on traditional electoral policy. A majorty G / GPUS delegates voted that the 2001 Convention party to merge with the Green Party of the United States – but the motion ultimately failed, because of the number required 2 / 3 majority. This has prompted many G / GPUs activists to jump independently for the Green Party U.S. – Creation of a new left caucus within the Green Party of the United States – and leave the G / GPU as a Marxist sizably decreased and more dogmatic.

Independence Party

After two years of quarrels openly with Ross Perot's allies in the Reform Party Minnesota Governor Jesse Ventura and his supporters bolted the party to launch the new Independence Party in February 2000. Starting Ventura denounced Reform Party as "hopelessly dysfunctional" and too much right (in its embrace of the candidacy of Pat Buchanan's). Although this splinter party shared the Reform Party's appeal for funding of election campaigns and other political reforms, the organization Ventura is at odds with the view more socially conservative and protectionist trade adopted by many new leaders in the Reform Party. Property intellectual – which is entirely under the control of Ventura and his allies – describes itself as "socially inclusive and fiscally responsible." As Ventura IP is pro-choice and pro-gay rights, pro-medical marijuana, Pro-Gun Rights and fiscally moderate. The IP has sent a list of candidates Congress and the state of Minnesota in 2000. Ventura said he hoped to take the National Party of Minnesota and, possibly, a presidential field candidate in 2004. However, in 2002, the IP were nascent organization affiliated parties only in a handful of states. Departure Ventura retirement in 2002 was also a blow to intellectual property. Retired Congressman Tim Penny – a former Democrat – was the finalist Intellectual Property for the governor of Minnesota in 2002, but finished a distant third. Also in 2002, co-founder of Property Intellectual Dean Barkley became the first member of the intellectual property to serve in Congress when Ventura appointed him to the Senate of the United States to complete two months of a term left open by the death of the incumbent. The Independence Party Campus Network is the wing Student party.

American Independent Party

The small American Independent Party has existed for years in several states western – a relic of the late Alabama Governor George Wallace, once-powerful American Independent Party in the 1968-72 period. Convert public unaffiliated party IPA – united by a common religious ideology right (like the Constitution Party) – a national IPA was an effort started in 1998 by members of Utah's IEP. The IEP of Idaho and Nevada IPA subsequently associated with the IAP-emerging at the end of 1998 … and the party created short chapters in 15 other states since then. The parties say different PAI approved Constitution Party candidate Howard Phillips for president in 1996 and 2000. In December 2000, national president of the IPA issued a statement saying that third parties in general recorded a "dismal" performance presidential election – and questioned the future involvement of IAP in presidential campaigns. Instead, he suggested that the IPA limit state congressional and local races in the future. In 2001, IPA has voted to formally associate with The Independent National Committee (CIN), an umbrella organization of like-minded others. Based on the membership, the ILP in 2002 "adopted" more than 50 candidates from different other conservative parties.

Labor Party

The Labor Party is a liberal entity created in 1996 by a group sizeable trade unions including the United Mine Workers, Longshoremen, American Federation of Government Employees, California Nurses Association and many Unionized residents. The party says it was created because "the issues most important to working people – trade, health care, and rights to organize, bargain and strike – both Democrats and Republicans are not workers. "Ideologically, they seem close to the style of the late, work-friendly Vice President Hubert Humphrey and U.S. Senator Scoop Jackson wing of the 1960s to the Democratic Party. A new party, they purchased their first state and federal candidates in 1998 in Wyoming (Green / Labor Alliance ") – and two other candidates local races in California and Ohio in 2001 – but none since then. This group seems to be closely aligned ideologically with the New Party. Working Group adopted a policy of "forward candidates for positions where they can help to adopt and implement laws and policies to benefit the working class and where we can best advance the goals and priorities of the Labor Party. "The party also gets involved in local initiatives to vote and the state. The Labor Party held a national congress in 2002 and seems to make some effort to relaunch as a forum for discussion of issues.

Libertarian Party

The LP, founded in 1971, defines itself as "America's third largest party. "libertarians are neither left or right … They believe in total individual liberty (pro-drug legalization, pro-choice and pro-gay marriage, pro-home schooling, anti gun – control etc.) and total economic freedom (anti-social, anti-government regulation of business, the fight against the minimum wage, anti-income tax, pro-free trade etc..) The LP marries a classic laissez-faire ideology which, they say, means "more freedom, less government and lower taxes. Over 400 members currently hold various LP – but fairly low level – Government offices (including many minor officials designated as "School District Services Task Force Member "and" Town Recycling Committee Member "). Typically, the LP fields more local candidates than any other third United States – although the LP was clearly overshadowed by the Greens in importance since 1996 in terms of having the third largest party after and getting the more media attention. Former 1988 LP presidential candidate Ron Paul is now a Republican congressman from Texas – although Paul is still active with the LP. The biggest problem LP's: Ron Paul, former NM Governor Gary Johnson, PJ O'Rourke, Republican Liberty Caucus and others in the GOP working to attract libertarians in ideological politics – arguing that they can move more easily libertarian in the Republican label. LP presidential candidate, Ed Clark, produced over 921,000 votes (1.1%) in 1980. Jobseekers subsequent for the next twelve years, although not as strong as Clark, typically run ahead of most other third party candidates. LP presidential candidate Harry Browne carried over 485,000 votes (5th place – 0.5%) in 1996 and 386,000 votes in 2000 (5th place – 0.4%). The LP has affiliates in 50 states. The website contains LP link to more little quiz in the political world … Take the quiz and see if you are a libertarian (a bit simplistic – but interesting nonetheless). Stay informed on the latest news from the SEC by reading the Libertarian Party Online News. College Libertarians also maintain a web directory. A "reform" faction (anti-Browne) within the party attempted to wrest control in 1999-2000, the gap in the existing management (pro-Browne) alleging that the faction that controls between incumbents have serious ethical conflicts of interest that has encouraged the consultants receive most of the money of LP's (note: the incumbent has denied these allegations and control held senior positions on LP's … but this internal dissent is likely to continue for a long time). Other related sites include: American Liberty Foundation (Browne Group) and GrowTheLP.org (LP awareness).

Light Party

The Light Group is a party is generally liberal – ranging from Greens and New Age feel of the Natural Law Party – and seem very centered around the party founder "Da Vid, MD, holistic physician, Human Ecologist & Artist "(he was also a write-in candidate for president in 1992, 1996, 2000 and 2004 – and seems to be the only visible head of the party). This platform San Francisco party founded to promote holistic medicine, insurance, national health, organic food, solar energy, disarmament nuclear and a flat tax. Da vid claimed the party has "millions" of supporters – but it counts everyone who supports any position taken by the party. The party is not seriously trying to elect candidates, but puts forward an agenda. Not that it has nothing to do with politics, but the party does not sell CD Nice relaxing New Age music.

Natural Law Party

With the Libertarian Party, the NLP has consistently won the votes recent years (although they lost ground in the 2000 elections). The NLP – under the slogan "bring the light of science into politics" and using colorful images – advocated holistic approaches, Transcendental Meditation (TM), "yogic flying", and other peaceful "use New Age" and "scientific" for many of our national and international problems. Nuclear physicist John Hagelin was presidential candidate of TAL in 1992 (ballot status in 32 eyes – 39,000 votes – 0.04%), 1996 (status of voting in 44 states – 7th Place – 110,000 votes – 0.1%) and 2000 (ballot status in 39 eyes – 7th Place – 83000 votes – 0.08%). Hagelin and NLP has also made a failed bid to take control of Reform Party in the context of the 2000 campaign – working with Perot forces to thwart the efforts Pat Buchanan's – although NLP does attract some supporters of the factions within escapement disintegrate Reform. NLP has also made a brief to seize control of the Green Party, but that effort quickly turned short. Ultimately, the / reform moves Green in 2000 helped Hagelin catch a lot of headlines but produces results at least for the party campaign 1996. In 2002, NLP has tried a new strategy of stealth infiltration by executing NLP activists as candidates under party labels, there including NLP, Democratic, Republican, Libertarian and Green. In 2004, the NLP is actively supporting the presidential candidacy of Democratic Congressman Dennis Kucinich. Kucinich sharing their "New Age" views and has close links Hägelingasse and national leaders of NLP in Iowa. Although started in the United States, there is now affiliated NLP in the world. In addition to the national ticket, NLP fields regularly fields a fair amount of congressional candidates and local across the nation. NLP was founded by followers of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi (founder of TM movement – a movement that some have described as a sect) – And many of these TM / Maharishi People still play a major role in management, although the PNL now claims that many others outside the movement TM is also active in today's NLP leadership. The youth branch of NLP is studying Natural Law Party Club. The Institute of Science, Technology & Public Policy think tank is also closely associated with NLP.

New Party

The Left party advocates a "democratic revolution" to advance the cause of "social, economic and political progress" in America. Their agenda is in the style of socialist Western Europe and the labor movement – and somewhat similar to that of the late 1990s formed the Labor Party (but the NP has more of a controlled growth outlook on environmental issues). Rather than Fielding slate their respective national or local candidates, the new party has taken to endorsing largely like-minded candidates from other parties (mainly Pro-Democratic Labor Congress like Chicago Danny K. Davis) and focusing on grassroots organizing. A fun question: If the new party has lasted 50 years, will they themselves rename Old Party (or Fifty "Something" part)? The New Party, to date, has supported about 400 candidates in local races across the country, and has chapters active members in some communities. The site details the NP party long-term strategy.

New Union Party

Founded in 1980 by defectors from the Socialist Labor Party, this DeLeonist militant democratic socialist party "advocates a political revolution and social, "but denounces violence and is" engaged in lawful activities to overthrow the capitalist economic system. " The NUP sent its first candidates in 1980 – but has fielded candidates little since then. The site presents the party's history, archives of previous articles, and line "Marxist Study Course".

Peace & Freedom Party

Founded in 1960 as a leftist party opposed the Vietnam War, the party reached its peak of support in 1968 when it designated leader Black Panther Eldridge Cleaver to the presidency. Same if a convicted felon, Cleaver carried nearly 37,000 votes (ironically, Cleaver eventually became a Reagan Republican early 1980 – then a crack addict in the late 1980s – before emerging as an environmental activist in the late 1990s). The famous doctor Baby "Benjamin Spock – one opponent left and faithful of the Vietnam War – was the presidential candidate PFP in 1972. Since then, the little party was dominated by factions fighting the Marxist-Leninists (aligned with the Workers World Party), Trotskyists and non-communists, leftists. The PFP is now smaller, with operations primarily concentrated in California. In 1996, the PFP has successfully blocked an attempt to capture the WWP the PFP presidential nomination (and a place to vote in California) for the candidate of their party. In a sign of serious decline of the party to support, showing poor of the PFP in the 1998 elections statewide caused the party to lose its ballot status in California. Similarly, they were unable to return a status of official ballot by petition successive attempts failed for the 2000 and 2002 elections. However, the PFP has finally solved status of voting in 2003 – and already is fielding candidates in 2004 for Congress and other offices.

Prohibition Party

"If you are a reformist and conservative non-drinker, the Prohibition party wants you," said an official message from the party in 2002. The advantage of Prohibition – founded in 1869 and billing themselves as "third oldest America's Party" – wife generally ultraconservative Christian social agenda mixed anti-drug and anti international communist views. The party's strongest showing was in 1892 when John Bidwell has received nearly 273,000 votes (2.3% – 4th place). For a long time party activist Earl F. Dodge has run as presidential candidate of the party of prohibition in 1984, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000, and again in 2004. Dodge received only 208 votes in 2000 – the worst ever election results party. The party areas as a few local candidates, from time to time – but 2002 was the first time since the 1860s that the party failed to nominate candidates for public office. An additional part related organization is favored Prohibition Historical Society, a group of party activists (a little self-control Dodge) who want to make the political party ban in law. The anti-Dodge folks – led by the new National Chairman Don Webb – seem to have wrested control of the party by the fall of 2003, and has now retrograded Dodge to be just the "provisional" presidential candidate. This is largely a matter of semantics, as Dodge will continue to appear as a candidate of the party and the party will support him if he gets the status of voting in some states. If it does not get the status poll, the party promises to keep a convention for nominating new in spring 2004 to choose a new ticket. Howeverm all in the fight against could result in the party as candidate for president on the ballot for the first time since 1872.

Reform Party

Once more quickly, This third populist Reform Party moved far to the right in recent years – but then experienced massive waves of conservative defections away in the Constitution Party and the new America First Party in 2002. First, some history: after running as an independent in 1992, billionaire Business Texan Ross Perot founded the Reform Party in 1995 when his vehicle for converting his movement into an independent political party standing. In 1996, Perot presented himself as presidential candidate of the Reform Party (8,085,000 votes – 8%). Although an impressive demonstration for third, it was much less than 19 million votes Perot carried as an independent candidate in 1992. The party traditionally reflected center Perot Conservative Tax Policy Views and anti-GATT/NAFTA – while avoiding taking official positions on social issues (although much of this group seemed to be generally libertarian social views). The RP is marked by the long period of ideological struggle in 1998-2000 involving nasty three main rivals: the "old guard" Perot faction, the faction most libertarian Jesse Ventura, and the social-conservative Pat Buchanan faction. A fourth group – a faction Marxist small but vocal led by RP activist Lenora Fulani – generally supported the Perot faction during the fighting. To make this even more confusing, the Perot faction finally turned to natural Right candidate and Maharishi follower John Hagelin as its "Stop Buchanan" candidate for president. After several battles evil and the public, the Ventura faction leave RP in spring 2000 and the old Perot faction lost control of the party in court the faction of Buchanan in autumn 2000 (Perot and ultimately for President Bush approved in 2000). This allows the Buchanan Brigade Party, 12.6 million in federal matching funds. Within months, the allies Buchanan has taken control of almost the party organization as a whole. Along with the rise of Buchanan to power in the party, the party took a hard turn to the ideological right – an ideological realignment that continues to dominate the RP. Following the 2000 elections, it is clear that Buchanan has failed in its efforts to establish a viable Palestinian state, conservative third party (composed mainly of disaffected Republicans). Buchanan was on the ballot in 49 states, captured 449,000 votes (4th place – 0.4%) – and later told reporters that his third foray into politics may have been an error. His weak showing also meant that the party is not eligible for matching funds from the federal government in 2004. The new RP had the opportunity to become the third leading social conservative (consider it as a Green Party to the right) – but more internal conflicts made it impossible. In spring 2002, former VP runningmate Buchanan Ezola Foster and California and Maryland leaders RP jumped to the Constitution Party. Almost simultaneously, all RP leadership in nearly 20 other states (the core of the Buchanan Brigade Folks) defected en masse to form the new America First Party – wear a devastating blow demoralizing and viability in the future of PR. The remaining pieces of RP now seem to want to reorganize back a more centrist party – similar to the original Perot wanted to create in the 1990s. But – without-Perot (and deep pockets) – even a new Centrist RP may have serious problems in rebuilding itself. Another official site of the PR is the State Party Organizations / SAPS.

The Revolution

This party – simply called "The Revolution" – seems to be an ideological hybrid between libertarianism and ecology, with a pinch of New Deal liberal views thrown in the mix. The Revolution of 20 platform point calls for legalizing all victimless crimes (drugs, prostitution, etc.), use of clean energy to stop global warming, the massive tax cuts, OT an end to welfare enterprises, reduction of military expenditures, focusing on human rights in foreign policy decisions, the abolition of the CIA, the public funding of science to encourage "altruistic scientific and technological projects, and a promise" repeal five times as many laws we pass. "The party leader – a journalist of digital culture and cyberprankster who uses the pen name RU Sirius – Made a whimsical writing in the submission of the presidency in 2000.

Socialist Party USA

The SPUS are true social democrats – advocate left-wing electoral change versus revolutionary change activist. Many members of the PS could easily be members of the faction of the left wing Democrat. Unlike most other political parties on this page with "socialist" in their names, the PS has always been

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